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Thread: 100 Years Ago Today

  1. #451

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    Quote Originally Posted by Flying Officer Kyte View Post
    Should have used more than two sources to check the material.
    Rob.
    I think we should all remember that today we have unlimited access to multi-channel, multi-media information 24 hours a day and have grown very use to being able to 'just google stuff' when we need answers.
    100 years ago a well trained pigeon was considered to be high tech.
    Having tried to fill Rob's shoes for a couple of weeks I really appreciate how hard it is to find the right information sometimes, the sources are often contradictory or difficult to find. I have found a photo of the same ship clearly identified as three different ones.

    Never Knowingly Undergunned !!

  2. #452

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    13th April 1915.

    Western Front.

    French progress near Berry-au-Bac.

    Private August Jaeger of the German 234. Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment (51. Reserve-Division) deserts to the French trenches, bringing news that his compatriots are plannning to use asphyxiating gas in their upcoming attacks…

    Failure of French attacks near Maizeray.

    Eastern Front.

    Russians capture heights near Uzsok Pass.

    Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres.

    Turks beaten north of Basra and retreat from Shaiba (south-west of Basra).
    .
    Naval and Overseas Operations.

    HMS Warspite (27,500 tons, eight 15-inch guns), sister-ship of HMS Queen Elizabeth, joined Grand Fleet at Scapa.
    Admiral Bacon succeeded Admiral Hood in command Dover Patrol.
    Publication of Rear-Admiral Hon. H. Hood's despatch on patrol action on Belgian coast, 17 October-9 November 1914.

    The British battleship HMS Queen Elizabeth took senior Anzac Corps officers and battalion commanders to view the coast of Gallipoli and to select landing sites.

    Political, etc.

    The German High Command, having concluded that no real progress is feasible on the Western Front for the forseeable future, turns its attention, and in due course more of its forces, back to the East.

    M. Radoslavov, Bulgarian premier, orders disarmament of Turco-Bulgarians on Serbian frontier.
    Italy presses Austria for an answer to the Note of 8 April.

    Munitions Committee meets under the chairmanship of Mr. Lloyd George.

    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  3. #453

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    Quote Originally Posted by Hedeby View Post
    I think we should all remember that today we have unlimited access to multi-channel, multi-media information 24 hours a day and have grown very use to being able to 'just google stuff' when we need answers.
    100 years ago a well trained pigeon was considered to be high tech.
    Having tried to fill Rob's shoes for a couple of weeks I really appreciate how hard it is to find the right information sometimes, the sources are often contradictory or difficult to find. I have found a photo of the same ship clearly identified as three different ones.

    Exactly the sentiment I was summarizing with the statement that Rob "works his ass off" for these posts.
    But in the vein of different sources/different information, I found this addendum for 13 April 1915:
    William Glynne Charles Gladstone, Member of Parliament & grandson of the late PM Gladstone, is killed in action: http://imgur.com/rAZOIE8

  4. #454

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    Now that is just the oddball sort of information I like Sam.
    I did not set out to cover every aspect of each day, but to give a snap shot of what was going on all over the place in relation to the main events.
    That snippet of information does just that.
    Thanks.
    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  5. #455

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    14th April 1915.


    Western Front.

    Germans accuse the French of using poison gas near Verdun.

    Zeppelin raid on Tyneside.



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    At about 7.45pm, L.9 came inland close to Blyth on the north-east coast. As she passed close to Cambois, the startled men of 1st Battalion Northern Cyclists opened fire with rifles as it sailed past. Undeterred, L.9 dropped its firsbombs, which fell in a field at West Sleekburn; fourteen more fell between Choppington (where a hay stack was burnt), Bedlington and Cramlington. Most of these fell in open country, although one man at Bedlington received a shrapnel splinter in his wrist. Another nine bombs fell on a line from Seaton Burn, through Dudley, Annitsford, Killingworth, Forest Hall and Longbenton, causing no damage. Then, over Wallsend, Mathy released six incendiaries; one landed on a cottage where it caused nor injuries to a woman and her young daughter. Beyond Wallsend, L.9 ossed the Tyne and ineffectively attacked Hebburn before heading back towards the coast. At Marsden it dropped a couple more bombs before flying back out over the North Sea. Estimates of the damage caused by Mathy’s raid were just Ł55. ck. And the Tyne garrison was virtually impotent as the area had no anti-aircraft guns at the time of the raid but shortly afterwards a 3-inch gun transferred there from Portsmouth. More followed.

    Eastern Front.

    Germans repulsed before Osovyets.
    Indecisive fighting at the Uzsok Pass.
    Russians make progress east of Czernowitz.

    On the Black Sea: Tsar Nicholas, the Russian Emperor, inspects troops in the Russian city of Odessa (now in Ukraine). “To-day I saw our fine fellows [our beauties] in Odessa at a grand inspection. Visited two hospitals. Lovely summer-like weather”.

    Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres.

    Anglo-Indian forces oust a much larger combined Turkish and Arab army at the Battle of Shaiba, following which the Ottoman Commander, Suleiman Askeri, takes his own life.


    Political, etc.

    Mr. Fisher states in Australian Parliament that the Government will send every available man to the war.
    Mr. Harcourt states that the Dominions will be consulted as to peace terms.

    General von Bissing suppresses the Belgian Red Cross.

    Greek Government reject Entente offer of Smyrna.

    Japanese Government inform British Govermnent of German overtures for separate peace.

    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  6. #456

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    Aaah Zeppelin raids - hey Neil they bombed your chippie !!!

    Never Knowingly Undergunned !!

  7. #457

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    Better that than the Stottie factory.
    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  8. #458

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    15th April 1915.


    Western Front.

    French progress 1,600 yards N of Lauch.

    British General Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien has now been presented with so much evidence of German plans to use asphyxiating gas as soon as the wind direction is right that he confides to his diary: “The details given are so voluminous and exact that I am sure they are untrue” .

    Ostend bombed by 15 Allied aeroplanes.
    French airship bombs Metz and Freiburg.
    Severe fighting off Ostend.


    Eastern Front.

    The German High Command issues orders to transfer eight divisions of the German Army from the Western Front to the Carpathian Mountains on the Eastern front.

    LZ34 raided Warsaw.
    German air raid on Novo-Georgievsk.


    Another telegram from the Tzar.

    Telegram. Nicolaiev. 15 April, 1915.

    Sincere thanks for the news. Saw our new ships and went over magnificent docks. After lunch I shall continue the visiting of other shipbuilding and ammunition factories. It is extremely interesting. Cold, windy weather. At 6 I am leaving for dear Sevastopol...
    Naval and Overseas.

    Russian Black Sea fleet bombards Ergeti, Heraclea and other places on the coast of Anatolia.
    HM submarine E15 wrecked in Dardanelles and sunk by Turkish gunfire in making first attempt to enter Sea of Marmora.

    HMSS Majestic and Swiftsure bombarded Turkish post at Gaba Tepe (Gallipoli).

    Political.

    Sir John French's despatch on operations from 2 February to 20 March published.

    Armenian refugees from villages surrounding the city of Van arrive and notify the inhabitants that 80 villages in the Province were already obliterated and that 24,000 Armenians had been killed in three days.

    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  9. #459

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    16th April 1915.

    Western Front.

    Germans repulsed at Notre Dame de Lorette.

    French airships bomb Strasbourg and other German towns.

    Zeppelin raid on East Anglia: aeroplane bombs Faversham and Sittingbourne.

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    A lone German army raider from Feldflieger Abteilung No.41, flying an Albatross B II, came inland over the Kent coast between Deal and Kingsdown shortly before noon on the morning of 16th April 1915. The raider flew across Kent towards Herne Bay then turned towards the mouth of the River Swale and Sheerness before turning back and approaching Faversham. Here the raider encountered fire from an anti-aircraft gun, which got off seven rounds before the Albatross climbed and flew westwards towards Sittingbourne.
    At Sittingbourne, the aircraft dropped five bombs; one landed in Fulston orchard, blasting an apple tree and killing a blackbird sitting in it, another fell at Crayalls Farm and three landed at Gore Court Park.
    Returning to Faversham, the Albatross dropped four high explosive (HE) and one incendiary bomb. Bombs fell on the edge of The Mall cricket ground near the Ashford Road, with another falling on the road, and at the Mount cricket field, near to a
    South-Eastern Railway level crossing, which narrowly missed a signal box. A fourth bomb landed in a garden at Preston village with the final bomb landing in a fruit plantation. There were no casualties. The anti-aircraft gun at Faversham again opened fire, getting off 18 rounds this time, but again without success.
    The Albatross now made for home, flying over Canterbury, and climbing up to between 8,000 - 9,000ft, pursued by a British aircraft from Eastchurch. A number of other defence pilots from Eastchurch, Dover and Westgate took to the sky but were unable to intercept the raider who crossed back over the coast north of Deal about an hour after it arrived.



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    Postcard commemorating the event.


    Eastern Front.

    Russians capture two heights south-west of Rosztoki Pass (Carpathians).

    Southern Front.

    Allied fleets bombard Enos.

    Albanian rebels bombard Durazzo.

    Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres.

    British air raid on Turkish camps in Sinai.

    Turks reach Urumia (north-west Persia)
    which is then occupied by Turkish regular forces.

    Naval and Overseas Operations.

    The E class Submarine HMS E15 ran aground at. She was scuttled on 18 April.
    The British cargo ship Eglantine ran aground at Filey Yorkshire and was a total loss. Her crew were rescued

    French cruiser bombards El Arish.

    General Tighe succeeds General Wapshare in command of British Forces in East Africa.


    Here is an example of conflicting information which happens all too frequently R.

    British transport "Manitou" sunk by Turkish torpedo-boat destroyer. 51 lost.

    Turkish torpedo boat attacked in Ćgean British transport Manitou; attack failed; Turkish TB chased ashore by Allied ships.

    Political, etc.

    British apology to Chile for sinking of the "Dresden" off Juan Fernandez in Chilean waters published.

    Austria declares that the Italian proposals are in the main unacceptable.

    Sinking of "Katwyk" by German submarine causes excitement in Holland.

    Sir J French dispatch of 5 April issued.

    General von Mackensen in command of new Eleventh German Army (reinforced by Prussian Guard Corps and XLIst Reserve Crops from W Front) in Galicia, with General von Seeckt as Chief of Staff.
    Prince Leopold of Bavaria took over Ninth Army from General von Mackensen.

    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  10. #460

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    Something you don't hear much/any of is the use of Entente airships in bombing raids. Maybe because they did them so seldom, or because of all the
    headlines of atrocities by Germans bombing London and Paris?
    Karl
    It is impossible for a man to begin to learn what he thinks he knows. -- Epictetus

  11. #461

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    One reason for the lack on the part of the British, was that the airships were much smaller and really only intended for coastal or fleet support usage. We never had a Count Zeppelin to drive the urge for airships after we played about with them a bit. The French were much more pro active than the British. The Admiralty were still back in the era of sea power being the ultimate defence of the realm.
    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  12. #462

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    True; I just had not heard of French airship raids before. A real eye opener.
    Karl
    It is impossible for a man to begin to learn what he thinks he knows. -- Epictetus

  13. #463

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    This thread never fails to enlighten and inform, thanks again Rob

    Never Knowingly Undergunned !!

  14. #464

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    Quote Originally Posted by Hedeby View Post
    This thread never fails to enlighten and inform, thanks again Rob
    DITTO!!!!

  15. #465

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    17th April 1915.


    Western Front.

    British take Hill 60 (St. Eloi).
    Hill 60 in 1914 was merely a low ridge some 150 feet high and 250 yard from end to end, formed artificially when the railway cutting was dug, receiving this name from British troops to signify its height in metres on the contour map.
    The hill itself has been preserved so that today's visitor can have access to one of the most infamous sites on the Salient.
    The hill was captured on 10th December 1914 by the Germans. The British, almost immediately after they arrived, began digging tunnels under the hill and thus the German positions. This was was one of the first tasks of the newly created 171st Tunnelling Company (under the command of Norton Griffiths. By Saturday 10th April, digging at Hill 60 was just about finished and six mines were ready for charging. M1 and M2 ran singly and roughly straight out under no man's land for over 100 yards. Then, just before reaching the German trench, each become two by forking right and left. These arms, just a few yards long, were then enlarged to receive the gunpowder.
    The two other tunnels, M3 and M3A, which had been in peril from German countermining, were charged as they were, no enlargement taking place. A charge of 2,700 pounds was placed in each M1 chamber; M2 would receive two charges of 2000 pounds with M3 receiving only 500 pounds each - because of the risk of German discovery.
    Zero hour was set for 19:00 hour on the 17th April 1915. At 19:05, three officers of the 171st Tunnelling Company hit the plunger; the resulting explosions ripped the heart out of the hill over a period of some 10 seconds. It flung debris almost 300 feet into the air and scattered it for a further 300 yards in all directions.
    One British soldier who peered over the parapet was violently hit in the face by a piece of debris and was killed. As mud-lumps, sandbags, trench timbers and shattered German bodies were still spinning in the air, a huge Allied bombardment commenced saturating the German lines with fire and shrapnel.
    An attacking formation of Royal West Kent's, 2nd Kings Own Scottish Borders (with 2nd Duke of Wellingtons in support) and 1/9th (Queen Victoria Rifles), London's (with 2nd Kings Own Yorkshire Light Infantry in support . As the assaulting party closed on what was left of the German 172nd Regiment holding the hill, the dazed German's screams could be heard over the din, as the British bayonets pierced them. Approximately 150 died, with only 20 being taken prisoner. Total British casualties were just seven.
    A counter-attack that night by the Germans inflicted heavy casualties on the defenders, forcing the British off the hill, although on the next day, 18th April, the 2nd Duke of Wellingtons and 2nd Kings Own Yorkshire Light Infantry re-took the hill in a fresh attack. These were relieved on the 19th April by men of the 1st Norfolk's, 1st Cheshire's, 1st Bedford's and 1st Dorset's with the 1/6th (Liverpool Rifles) King's in reserve.
    A further German attack was repelled with support from the 1st East Surreys, during which Lt George Roland Patrick Roupell won the VC. on the 20th April; the point at which he won his award is now the highest point on the hill.

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    German air raid on Belfort.


    Eastern Front.

    Austrian offensive towards Styrj (eastern Galicia).

    Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres.

    Anglo-Indian cavalry advancing from Shaiba occupy Nakaila (Mesopotamia).

    Naval and Overseas Operations.

    French cruiser bombards Turkish camp south of Gaza.

    The British submarine E15 was driven ashore near Kephez Point by a strong current while trying to pass through the Dardanelles. A Turkish shell penetrated her conning tower, killing the captain and six of the crew.

    SS La Rosarina (8,332 tons) chased by U-Boat off S Ireland; first officially recorded escape of British ship by use of her gun.

    Turkish t.b. "Demir Hissar" forced by H.M.S. "Minerva" to run ashore at Chios.

    Political, etc.

    Herr Dernburg conducts a peace campaign in U.S.A.

    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  16. #466

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    Quote Originally Posted by Flying Officer Kyte View Post
    Here is an example of conflicting information which happens all too frequently R.
    Ain't that always the truth?

  17. #467

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    Quote Originally Posted by zenlizard View Post
    Ain't that always the truth?
    Are indeed Sam. However, your previous post was very useful in making me think. Not a normal occupation of mine in any case, but on this occasion quite fortuitous. I decided that in cases where I found a conflict of interests, rather than make a value judgement, I would post all variations that I came across and let the reader make up his or her own mind.
    For initiating that idea I have you to thank.
    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  18. #468

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    18th April 1915.


    Western Front.
    .
    German counter-attacks against Hill 60 (Ypres) repulsed. British consolidated.

    German air raid on Belfort.

    On 18th April British pilots making air reconnaissance over the rear German areas reported a lot of activity and extra rolling stock on the railway at Wervicq. It appeared to be German troop reinforcements arriving in the area. In fact, it was quite the opposite; on the orders of General von Falkenhayn German troops were starting to leave the 4th Army's Ypres battl
    efront for the operation at Galicia on the Eastern Front.


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    On the same day the famous French pilot Lieutenant Roland Garros (1882-1918) was flying his single-seater plane, a Morane Saulnier Type L, on a bombing raid to Kortrijk railway station. Before the outbreak of war Roland Garros had been a test-pilot for the Morane-Saulnier company. He was an experienced aerobatics pilot. Before the war he had won the Paris-Madrid and Paris-Rome flying races twice. In 1911 he had won the west-European round-flight. In the same year he achieved the world record for the highest flight; 4,250 metres.
    During his mission on 18th April, he flew low over a train near Ingelmunster in Flanders. He was fired on by a German Bahnschutzwache (Railway Protection Guard). A rifle bullet apparently hit his petrol pipe and he was forced to land. Although he tried to set the plane on fire and escape on foot, both he and his plane were captured by the Germans.


    Eastern Front.

    Russians repulse attacks in the Carpathians.

    Naval and Overseas Operations.

    The British trawler Vanilla was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea 53 nautical miles east by south of the Inner Dowsing Lightship by a Kaiserliche Marine submarine with the loss of nine of her crew.

    Grand Fleet in North Sea, sweeping down to Little Fisher Bank.

    German Naval Staff issued fresh instruction to U-Boat commanders to treat neutrals with discrimination.

    Fronyier raid in Peshawar repulsed by Khaibar Moveable Column.
    Union Forces occupy Seeheim (GSW Africa).

    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  19. #469

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    Quote Originally Posted by Flying Officer Kyte View Post
    On the same day the famous French pilot Lieutenant Roland Garros (1882-1918) was flying his single-seater plane, a Morane Saulnier Type L, on a bombing raid to Kortrijk railway station. Before the outbreak of war Roland Garros had been a test-pilot for the Morane-Saulnier company. He was an experienced aerobatics pilot. Before the war he had won the Paris-Madrid and Paris-Rome flying races twice. In 1911 he had won the west-European round-flight. In the same year he achieved the world record for the highest flight; 4,250 metres.
    During his mission on 18th April, he flew low over a train near Ingelmunster in Flanders. He was fired on by a German Bahnschutzwache (Railway Protection Guard). A rifle bullet apparently hit his petrol pipe and he was forced to land. Although he tried to set the plane on fire and escape on foot, both he and his plane were captured by the Germans.
    Lest anyone forget, this is one of the most significant developments in the air war: Antony Fokker was afterwards, shown the captured plane & it's deflector gear, and asked to copy the idea for the German Army; his Fokker type M (or K) was a virtual copy of the Morane. He went the idea one better, and within 48 hours claimed to have invented the interrupter gear, essential for effective fighter aircraft. However, Franz Schneider was known to have patented such a mechanism before the war began (http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question...ns/q0303.shtml), and Fokker knew about this patent. However, Fokker was able to more or less perfect the device, after Schneider gave up on it.

    I entirely discount Fokker's account of the invention and testing of the synchronization gear he gave in his biography (http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1369.htm) as self-aggrandizing BS.

  20. #470

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    Thanks for the addendum Sam. I left that part out because I did not want to compromise the title of this thread too much, as the information you mention is in the future. However, your mentioning it in no way interferes with the report itself, and adds to the overall information. I was wondering how to work it in later as it obviously has no set date for inclusion unless I leave it until the date he announced the invention as his, and in the fullness of time it is easy to overlook those bits you have left for later. So thanks again for easing the path of a rather harassed editor.
    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  21. #471

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    19th April 1915.

    Western Front.

    German retirement in Alsace.

    Fighting for Hill 60.

    Sir John French denies that the British have made use of poison gas.

    In Belgium, Lieutenant Lanoe George Hawker, Royal Engineers and Royal Flying Corps shows:-

    “conspicuous gallantry when he succeeds in dropping bombs on the German airship shed at Gontrode from a height of only 200 feet, under circumstances of the greatest risk. Lieutenant Hawker displays remarkable ingenuity in utilizing an occupied German captive balloon to shield him from fire whilst manoeuvring to drop the bombs.”

    He is later awarded the Distinguished Service Order for his gallantry and ingenuity.




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    http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/england/hawker.php

    Southern Front.

    Austrians bombard Sep (near the Iron Gates).

    Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres.

    Dardanelles: The British use aeriel spotters in a balloon attached to a “kite-balloon ship” to locate a Turkish defensive encampment, relaying the co-ordinates to a cruiser over the horizon which then accurately shells the Turks.



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    Manica prepares to launch a kite balloon off Gallipoli, 1915.


    “On 19 April all the senior naval and military commanders, of the British, French and Anzac forces, convened once again in the Queen Elizabeth and completed the outstanding details of the landing. No decision had yet been reached about whether it should begin before first light under cover of darkness or after dawn in full daylight preceded by a concentrated naval bombardment to compensate for the loss of surprise. Hamilton and Birdwood both preferred a landing in the dark. But Hunter-Weston disagreed and was afraid that a night operation might become confused. In this he was supported by De Robeck, who felt that it would be more difficult for the navy to carry out the landing in the dark and almost impossible at Helles, which involved landing troops on a number of beaches spread around a rocky shoreline swept by the strong current of the Dardanelles. A compromise was reached. At Gaba Tebe, along the strait, sandy shore, the covering force would land before first light. But at Helles the landing would not begin until after dawn and be preceded by a thirty-minute bombardment. The one exception to this would be the landing at Y Beach, which would begin shortly before the bombardment.
    The other important decision reached by the conference was the date on which the operation was to begin. Thursby and the 2nd Squadron were ready to begin at Gaba Tebe immediately. But, largely due to a shortage of boats, Wemyss and the 1st Squadron would not be ready for another four days. Consequently St. George’s Day, 23 April, was chosen and, as it would take two days to prepare the ships and distribute the troops among them, the preliminary stages were ordered to begin on 21 April."


    Naval and Overseas Operations.

    On 19 April, a small British picket boat torpedoed and destroyed the E15.


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    Wreck of the E15 inspected by Turkish and German personnel.

    Germans evacuate Keetmanshoop (German south-west Africa).

    Political, etc.

    Germany expresses regret for sinking of "Katwyk".

    Rob.
    Last edited by Flying Officer Kyte; 04-19-2015 at 05:44.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  22. #472

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    A KITE BALLOON SHIP - WE JUST HAVE TO GET A MODEL OF ONE OF THOSE - AWESOME !!!

    Never Knowingly Undergunned !!

  23. #473

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    This is HMS Canning Chris - note the scheme on the balloon !



    And some useful views of a balloon ship - possibly Manica.

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    "He is wise who watches"

  24. #474

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    OK I want one even more now... SHAPEWAYS where are you? lol

    Never Knowingly Undergunned !!

  25. #475

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    20th April 1915.

    Western Front.

    Germans bombard Reims and Ypres.

    Germans retake Embermenil (Lorraine).

    Eastern Front.

    Austrians repulsed near Gorlitse.

    Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres.

    Turks lay siege to Van (Armenia).

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    On April 20, Armenian irregulars launched an insurrection against Turkish forces in the city of Van. Some historians have argued that the Ottoman government deliberately provoked the insurrection and then used it as a pretext to justify the forced deportation of Armenians from all over the Ottoman Empire - an act that ultimately led to the deaths of between one million and 1.5 million Armenians between 1915 and 1918. Others have argued that the decision to expel the Armenian residents of the Ottoman Empire had already been made independently of the Van insurrection.


    The view from Cairo:


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    T.E.Lawrence writes to a colleague about his frustrations and experiences as an Intelligence Officer in Egypt:
    “It’s very dull: but of course I haven’t any training as a field officer, and I don’t know that I want to go fighting up to Constantinople. It would be bad form, I think. The only place worth visiting is A [Alexandretta – on the modern Syria/ Turkey border] and they are all afraid of going there, for fear of hurting the feelings of our allies. [ie the French, who have designs on Syria].
    “The [Suez] Canal is still holding out, and we are forgetting all about it. Turkey, if she is wise, will raid it from time to time, and annoy the garrison there, which is huge, and cumbersome, and creaks so loudly in the joints that you hear them eight hours before they move…
    … I bought you a seal the other day. It’s probably the only one you’ll get from us this year, which is almost its only virtue. One wouldn’t have bought it anywhere else, but in Cairo it was refreshing. For Leeds, I am sending a medieval dagger pommel – or piece of horse-trapping – bought in Jerusalem lately.
    Poor old Turkey is only hanging together. People always talk of the splendid show she has made lately, but it really is too pitiful for words. Everything about her is very very sick, and almost I think it will be good to make an end of her, though it will be very inconvenient to ourselves. I only hope that Aleppo and Damascus will escape a little the fate that has come upon Cairo. Anything fouler than the town buildings, or its beastly people, can’t be”.



    Naval and Overseas Operations.

    The V1 class Destroyer SMS S21 collided with SMS Hamburg and sank in the North Sea with the loss of 36 of her crew.

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    SMS Hamburg.


    Union forces defeat the Germans at Kebus (north of Keetmanshoop).

    Anglo-French troops take Mandera (Cameroons).

    Political, etc.

    Mr. Asquith at Newcastle denies that military operations have been hampered by lack of munitions.

    Correspondence between Great Britain and U.S.A. on the "Peklat" case published.

    President Wilson announces that U.S.A. hopes to share in restoration of peace.

    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  26. #476

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    Quote Originally Posted by Hedeby View Post
    A KITE BALLOON SHIP - WE JUST HAVE TO GET A MODEL OF ONE OF THOSE - AWESOME !!!
    See what you've done now, Rob?

  27. #477

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    And again, I found this from I forget which of the WW I Historical sites I bookmarked:
    House of Commons devoted time today to discuss whether or not to prohibit liquors in the refreshment room.

    They're after your G & Ts again, Rob.

  28. #478

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    Good post Rob - I like the T.E.Lawrence piece - great spot that. (Balloon Ships - just can't seem to shake the idea...)

    Never Knowingly Undergunned !!

  29. #479

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    Quote Originally Posted by zenlizard View Post
    See what you've done now, Rob?
    I'm more worried about what will happen if one of Clipper's Elves spots it.
    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  30. #480

  31. #481

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    Quote Originally Posted by Flying Helmut View Post
    A "Kyte Balloon"?
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    Karl
    It is impossible for a man to begin to learn what he thinks he knows. -- Epictetus

  32. #482

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    You may well laugh Karl.
    Wait till you see the size of the incendiary bullet that put the hole through the middle of that Drachen.
    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  33. #483

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    21st April 1915.

    Western Front.

    The second Battle of Ypres commences in Belgium .

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    The Second Battle of Ypres was fought from 22 April – 25 May 1915 for control of the strategic Flemish town of Ypres in Belgium following the First battle of Ypres the previous autumn. It marked the first mass use by Germany of poison gas on the Western Front. For the first time a former colonial force (the Ist. Canadian Division) defeated that of a European power on European soil, in the Battle of St. Julien and the Battle of Kitchener's Wood , which were engagements within the Second Battle of Ypres.

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    Continued fighting for Hill 60.

    On 21 April 1915 2nd lieutenant Geoffrey Woolley earned a Victoria Cross during the defence of Hill 60.
    He returned with only 14 men of the 150 OR's (Queen Vicroria's Rifles) with whom he went into action.


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    French take "the Cow's Head", two lines of trenches, near St. Mihiel.

    Eastern Front.

    Russians take Hill 1002, north-east of Lubonia (Carpathians).

    Southern Front.

    Affair between frontier guards on the Austro-Italian frontier.

    Naval and overseas.

    The Swedish coaster Ruth was sunk in the North Sea 100 nautical miles east of the Isle of May Fifeshire, by SM U22. .

    Political, etc.

    Mr. Lloyd George delivers a speech on the capacity of the country for producing munitions.

    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  34. #484

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    22nd April 1915.

    Western Front.

    Second Battle of Ypres: town of Ypres largely destroyed; German advance checked by Canadians after French retreat before poisonous gas attack.

    Poison gas is used for the first time on the Western Front as the German 4th Army attacks French positions around Ypres in northern Belgium. As they attack, the Germans release chlorine gas from over 5,000 cylinders forming poisonous green clouds that drift toward two French African divisions. Lacking any protection, the French quickly retreat. Although this creates a five-mile-wide gap in the Allied lines, the Germans fail to capitalize due to a lack of reserve troops and cautious frontline troops hesitant to venture too close to the gas clouds. British and Canadians then plug the gap but are unable to regain any ground taken by the Germans. The British then withdraw to a second line of defense, leaving Ypres in Allied hands but virtually surrounded. Casualties in the Second Battle of Ypres total 58,000 Allies and 38,000 Germans.


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    2nd Ypres. Casualty clearing station.


    Archibald James, an observer in the Royal Flying Corps, saw the gas being used for the first time.

    I witnessed from the air the first gas attack when the Germans used chlorine gas in the Ypres Salient. Suddenly we saw to the north of us in the salient this yellow wall moving quite slowly towards our lines. We hadn’t any idea what it was. We reported it of course when we landed. And an hour or so later the smell of chlorine actually reached our aerodrome.

    Progress by the French near St. Mihiel.

    Eastern Front.

    Russian Army Commander-in-Chief Grand Duke Nikolai - the uncle of Tzar Nicholas II reported that in spite of heroic Austro-Hungarian resistance the Russian Army enjoyed great success during the period, and that concerted Austrian counterattacks were thrown back. On the 22nd of April, however, Russian attacks were repulsed on both sides of the Uzsok Pass by the Austrians.


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    Grand Duke Nikolai

    Austrian attack towards Styrj fails.

    Southern Front.

    Anglo-French force landed at Enos.

    Naval and Overseas Operations.

    Resumed bombardment of the forts at Smyrna.

    The Russian coaster Frack was scuttled in the Baltic Sea off the Flottjan Lighthouse by SM U26. Her crew survived.

    Political, etc.

    British Admiralty suspends passenger traffic between England and Holland.


    After the lionization of Herbert Asquith in the previous day's papers it was the turn of the Telegraph’s pre-war bęte noire David Lloyd George to garnish praise in the paper’s pages, as he revealed the latest state of affairs with munitions, where he “astounded the House by saying that in a single fortnight of last month the British artillery fired more shells than during the whole continuance of the Boer War,” and revealed that there were thirty-six divisions present at the front.


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    David Lloyd George


    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  35. #485

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    23rd April 1915.


    Western Front.

    Second Battle of Ypres: German attack east and west of St. Julien repulsed by Canadians; Germans take several hamlets.
    Facsimile of the original telegraph from Sir John French to the War Office reporting the use of gas by the Germans at Ypres, 23 April 1915.

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    Although German troops had released small amounts of chlorine gas on the Eastern Front at the Battle of Bolimov (31 January-2 February 1915), it was not used systematically until the 2nd Battle of Ypres nearly four months later. This telegram from the British Expeditionary Force commander Sir John French details the extensive use of 'powerful asphyxiating gases' against French positions on the first day of the battle, 22 April. He urges the War Office to take 'immediate steps ... to supply similar means of most effective kind for use by our own troops'.


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    Southern Front.

    Turkish coast bombarded by Allied fleet in the Gulf of Saros.



    Dardanelles: A final “intelligence” report circulates at the British invasion HQ on the Greek island of Lemnos: “It is the general opinion that the Turks will offer an energetic resistance to our landing, but when once we are firmly established on the Peninsula it is thought possible that this opposition may crumble away …”



    Naval and Overseas Operations.

    British Government declares a blockade of the Cameroons.
    White Book on military operations in Togoland published.


    Political, etc.

    Sir Edward Grey presides over a conference of the French, Russian, Italian and Serbian ministers.

    DIED TODAY: Of blood poisoning, on board a French hospital ship at Skyros in the Aegean – Sub-Lieutenant Rupert Brooke, war poet.


    If I should die think only this of me;
    That there’s a corner of some foreign field
    That is forever England.

    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  36. #486

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    On that note Rob, just want to share a picture of an article posted in my local paper. Hopefully with my phone's quality of camera everyone can still see it. Let me know if it shows.

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    And the remainder of the article.

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    Article written by Becki Crewe.
    Last edited by Warhawk; 04-23-2015 at 16:01.

  37. #487

  38. #488

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    Thank you for that information Wes. It puts the whole event into stark perspective.
    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  39. #489

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    24th April 1915.


    Western Front.

    Second Battle of Ypres: Germans take St. Julien: French and Belgians recover Lizerne: 3rd Canadian brigade withdrawn.

    The village of St. Julien had been comfortably in the rear of the 1st Canadian Division until the poison gas attack of 22 April, whereupon it became the front line. Some of the first fighting in the village involved a hasty stop, which included the stand ofLance CorporalFrederick Fisherof the 13th Battalion CEF's machine-gun detachment; who twice went out with a handful of men and a Colt Machine-gun and prevented advancing German troops from passing through St. Julien into the rear of the Canadian front line. Fisher was awarded the VC for his actions on the 22nd, but was killed when he attempted to repeat his actions on the 23; this was the first of 70 Canadian VCs awarded in the First World War.
    On the morning of 24 April 1915 the Germans released another cloud of chlorine gas, this time directly towards the re-formed Canadian lines just west of the village of St. Julien. On seeing the approach of the greenish-grey gas cloud, word was passed among the Canadian troops to urinate on their handkerchiefs and place these over their noses and mouths.
    However, the countermeasures were ineffective and the Canadian lines broke as a result of the attack, allowing German troops to take the village.


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    A later improvement on gas attack defence.

    Eastern Front.

    Austrians capture Ostaij, height south-east of Kosziowa.

    Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres.

    The first Balkan war saw large parts of Bulgaria, Serbia and Greece escape Ottoman control, but not Armenia. In 1914, Turkey allied with Germany, aiming to use the chaos of World War I to retake its former territories.
    When a brief campaign in the Balkans resulted in crushing defeat, it turned its attention to the Armenian population, which it accused of collaborating with Russia. By early 1915 it moved those Armenians conscripted into the Turkish army into labour battalions.
    Having disarmed the population, it rounded up individuals, starting with the arrest of 250 prominent Armenians in Constantinople (now Istanbul) on 24 April, which is generally acknowledged as the start of the genocide.

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    Armenian refugees.




    Naval and Overseas Operations.

    Fighting round Kilimanjaro (German East Africa).



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    Troops from the 11th Battalion aboard the London, 24th April 1915 before landing at Gallipoli the following day.

    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  40. #490

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    25th April 1915.

    Western Front.

    Second Battle of Ypres: Germans retake Lizerne; British repulsed at St. Julien.

    Germans capture and lose summit of Hartmannsweilerkopf (Alsace).

    Eastern Front.

    Severe fighting near Styrj.

    Southern Front.

    Dardanelles: Anglo-French forces land on both shores of the Straits.
    On April 25, British, French, Australian and New Zealander troops landed on the Gallipoli Peninsula.



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    Australian troops on Plugg's Plateau.


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    New Zealand Troops set first foot on the beaches.


    The Turkish forces were well prepared to meet them, however, as they had long been aware of the likelihood of just such an invasion.

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    The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) was devastated by some of the best-trained Turkish defenders, led by Mustafa Kemal, the future President Ataturk of Turkey.


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    Mustafa Kemal and Staff.

    Meanwhile, the British and French also met fierce resistance at their landing sites and suffered two-thirds casualties at some locations.


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    Cape Hellas.

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    Sedd-el-Bahr V beach as seen from River Clyde.

    During the next three months, the Allies made only slight gains off their landing sites and sustained terrible casualties.

    For full story see here:-

    http://www.history.com/this-day-in-h...n-of-gallipoli


    Naval and Overseas Operations.
    Fighting at Gibeon in German South West Africa.

    http://www.trenchfighter.com/41815/205801.html

    Russian Black Sea fleet shells the forts of the Bosporus.



    Political, etc.


    Herr Dernburg in U.S.A. outlines unofficial German peace terms.

    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  41. #491

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    And here's a video of Eric Bogle performing his immortal "And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda":
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8YLUZgzEnE

    That song, and his "No Man's Land/Green Fields of France" are positively haunting.

  42. #492

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    Quote Originally Posted by zenlizard View Post
    And here's a video of Eric Bogle performing his immortal "And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda":
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8YLUZgzEnE

    That song, and his "No Man's Land/Green Fields of France" are positively haunting.
    It's been a favourite around the Re_enactment campfires for many years Sam.
    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  43. #493

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    26th April 1915.


    Western Front.

    Second Battle of Ypres: Germans pierce British line at Brrodseinde: French recover Het Sas; British fail to recover St. Julien.



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    St Julien. Final British positions.

    http://www.4thbnnf.com/150426_150429_stjulien.html


    British airmen bomb Courtrai and various neighbouring places.


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Size:  14.1 KBSecond Lieutenant W.B. Rhodes-Moorhouse of No.2 Squadron, Royal Flying Corps, is awarded the Victoria Cross, the first to be won by an airman, for heroism displayed during a low-level bombing sortie against Courtrai railway station in Belgium. His successful attack, flying a Royal Aircraft Factory
    BE2, in the face of heavy ground fire was j
    udged to have been the most important bombing sortie of war to that point.


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    Lt Rhodes-Moorhouse V.C.




    Southern Front.

    Dardanelles: Hill 141 stormed and V Beach secured.
    The British Y-beach was evacuated and the French withdrew from the Asiatic shore to reinforce the British right inland of De Totts battery.

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    Looking towards De Totts battery.


    Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres.

    Russian advance on Olty (Armenia).

    Naval and Overseas Operations.

    British submarine E-14 successfully passes through the Dardanelles, reaching the sea of Marmara and sinking a Turkish gunboat.

    French cruiser "Léon Gambetta" sunk by Austrian submarine in Straits of Otranto.

    The last German raider overseas (armed merchant cruiser "Kron prinz Wilhelm") interned at Newport News (United States of America)

    Germans repulsed at Trekopjes, north-east of Swakopmund (German south-west Africa).

    Political, etc.

    Muavin ed Douleh, Persian Foreign Minister, resigns

    Lord Kitchener and Mr. Asquith on German barbarity.

    In London, Italian diplomats agree to declare war on Germany and her allies within one month, in exchange for territory in the South Tyrol, and in the Adriatic, including Gorizia, Istria and most of Dalmatia – the homes of 230,000 German speaking Austrians and around 750,000 Slovenes and Croats, far outnumbering the 650,000 Italians also residing there.

    Treaty of London... the Triple Entente and Italy, signed in London on 26 April 1915 by the United Kingdom, France, Russia, and the Kingdom of Italy.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1915)

    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  44. #494

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    Name: victoria_cross_t.jpg
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    Size: 14.1 KBSecond Lieutenant W.B. Rhodes-Moorhouse of No.2 Squadron, Royal Flying Corps, is awarded the Victoria Cross, the first to be won by an airman, for heroism displayed during a low-level bombing sortie against Courtrai railway station in Belgium. His successful attack, flying a Royal Aircraft Factory
    BE2, in the face of heavy ground fire was judged to have been the most important bombing sortie of war to that point.

    I think anyone flying a BE2c against the enemy deserves a medal - but what an outstanding display. Some medals are more hard won than others

    Never Knowingly Undergunned !!

  45. #495

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    First Air Victoria Cross

    Second Lieutenant William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse, Royal Flying Corps, Number 2 Squadron, flew Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2b 687 according to Hare in Fokker Fodder. I've read the 'b' mark was like the 'a' mark with taller fairings around the cockpit. I am not a rivet counter, just illustrating how many sources give such 'varied' information. Scribal error I suppose, since the sub-title features the B.E.2c, (see below).

    The citation for his Victoria Cross, published in the London Gazette, April 27, 1915:

    For most conspicuous bravery on 26th April 1915, in flying to Courtrai and dropping bombs on the railway line near that station. On starting the return journey he was mortally wounded, but succeeded in flying for 35 miles to his destination, at a very low altitude, and reported the successful accomplishment of his object. He has since died of his wounds.


    William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse’s gallantry and service medals were purchased at Sotheby’s in 1990 and they are on display at the Imperial War Museum in London. Also on display is the pin from the vital 100lb bomb that Rhodes-Moorhouse dropped on the railway junction at Courtrai, Belgium.

    Bibliography/ Sources

    Michael Ashcroft. Heroes of the Skies. Headline Book Publishing, 2013.

    Michael Ashcroft. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/w...moorhouse.html

    Paul R. Hare. Fokker Fodder: The Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2c. Fonthill Media, 2014.

    Michael O’Connor. Airfields and Airmen: Ypres. Pen and Sword, 2001.

  46. #496

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    On More 4 now - Bob Ballard in the Dardanelles "Gallipoli's Lost Shipwrecks"

    Just switched on - missed 3/4 of it!

    Lists the sub which broke though into the sea of Marmara as Australian, the AE2, under the command of an Irishman (damn, forgotten the name!).
    Spoiler Alert;- Ballard finds the wreck!

    I don't know whether More 4 programs get repeated, but I hope so - numerous wrecks are discovered, of warships like HMS Triumph right down to rowing boats.

  47. #497

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    27th April 1915.

    Western Front.

    Second Battle of Ypres: Allies regaining ground; Lahore Division pushing north; French back in Lizerne.
    Allied attack north of Ypres checked by use of gas.

    General von Lauenstein's mixed force in three columns invaded Lithuania and Courland, with Shavli as general objective.

    Eastern Front.

    German advance towards Shavli (Baltic Provinces).

    Southern Front.

    Dardanelles: Allies establish themselves across the Gallipoli Peninsula.
    Allied advance from Cape Helles to line across peninsula from Hill 236 to mouth of nullah. HMS Queen Elizabeth sank Turkish transport of Maidos in Narrows.

    By 3 am on 26 April more than 1700 casualties had been evacuated from the area of the Anzac landing, mainly via the beach to the south of Ari Burnu which became known as Anzac Cove.
    The Hobart Mercury reported unofficial sources in Athens to the effect that landings had been made at three points on the Gallipoli peninsula. The fact that Australian troops were involved was not mentioned.


    Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres.

    Russians expel the Turks from Kutur (Persia).
    Baghdad railway bridge over Euphrates at Jerablus stated to be open for traffic.

    Naval and Overseas Operations.

    French cruiser Léon Gambetta torpedoed in Otranto Straits by Austrian U5, with loss of Rear-Admiral Serrčs and over 600 officers and men.

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    "Queen Elizabeth" sinks a Turkish t.b. off Maidos.


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    Submarine E14 sinks a Turkish gunboat in the Sea of Marmora.

    Union Forces occupied Aus in German South West Africa. At Gibeon Station (now Namibia) – 41 German and South African soldiers die in battle.

    Political, etc.

    Mr. Churchill announces that 29 prisoners from German submarines are separately confined and specially treated as a reprisal against the German submarine campaign.

    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  48. #498

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    28th April 1915.


    Western Front
    .
    Second Battle of Ypres: German offensive definitely stopped.

    Germans bomb Dunkirk, Pervyse and Nancy; French bomb Friedrichshafen.

    Germans storm French position at Les Mesnils.

    Eastern Front.


    Very powerful Austro-German offensive under von Mackensen begins between the Dunajec and Biala Rivers (west Galicia). Russians driven back.

    Southern Front.


    Dardanelles: Allied forces, aided by "Queen Elizabeth", advance on Krithia.
    First Battle of Krithia; 3rd Royal Marine Battalion landed.

    Albion, battleship, Canopus-class, 14,300t, 4-12in/12-6in, above Morto Bay on European side off Kereves Dere, providing gunfire support for French forces, shortly after noon, about to be relieved by Lord Nelson. Hit and damaged by Turkish shellfire, leaking and retired to Mudros for three days for repairs (Rn/D/Cn)



    Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres.


    Skirmishes east of the Suez Canal.

    Naval and Overseas Operations.


    Germans defeated at Gibeon (German south-west Africa).South African Government publishes a Blue Book on the rebellion.

    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  49. #499

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    29th April 1915.


    Western Front.

    Second Battle of Ypres: Artillery duels north of Ypres; Canadians withdrawn from the Ypres salient.
    Germans bombard Reims and Dunkirk.

    Home front.

    War from the air: Just before midnight the German Zeppelin LZ.38 crosses the Suffolk coast of eastern England, bombing the towns of Ipswich and Bury St Edmunds during the early of hours of April 30th.




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    http://www.iancastlezeppelin.co.uk/2...ril/4585768340

    Eastern Front.

    Continued German advance in Galicia; also in the Baltic Provinces; Libau-Dvinsk railway reached.
    Russians repulse Austrian attacks in the Uzsok Pass.

    Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres.

    Turks retreat from neighbourhood of the Suez Canal.

    Naval and Overseas Operations.

    West Africa: From Kamerun a German force raids the town of Gurin just over the border in British Nigeria.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Gurin


    Submarine E14 sinks a Turkish transport in the Sea of Marmora.
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    Political, etc.

    Mr. Lloyd George announces the Government scheme with regard to alcoholic drinks.

    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

  50. #500

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    30th April 1915.


    Western Front.

    Second Battle of Ypres: Attempted German advance from St. Julien repulsed.


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    Zeppelin raid on East Anglia continues into the early hours of the morning.
    http://www.stedmundsburychronicle.co...w1page_04a.htm


    Eastern Front.

    Shavli (Baltic Provinces) occupied by German forces
    Germans reach the railway stations of the Muravievo and Radziviliski (Province of Kovno.)

    Naval and Overseas Operations.

    Allied aeroplanes arrive in South West Africa for use against German forces.

    Australian submarine AE2 sunk by Turkish warship in the Sea of Marmora.

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    The boat was assigned to the Dardanelles Campaign, and was the first submarine to successfully penetrate the waterway and enter the Sea of Marmara. With orders to "run amok" inside Turkish territory, AE2 operated for five days before mechanical faults forced her to the surface, where she was damaged by the torpedo boat Sultanhisar . The submarine was scuttled by her crew, all of whom were captured.
    AE2 was the only RAN vessel lost to enemy action during World War I. The Rahmi M. Koc, Museum began searching for the wreck in 1995, and found it in 1998. After another expedition in 2008, the Australian and Turkish Governments decided to leave the boat in place.

    The Sweedish cargo ship Elida was sunk in the North Sea 190 nautical miles east of the Farne islands, by SM U-38. Her crew survived.

    The British collier Fulgent was scuttled in the Atlantic 45 nautical miles north west of the Skellig Islands County Kerry by SM U-30 with the loss of two of her crew.

    The Norwegian coaster Laila was sunk in the North Sea(56°51N' 3°09' E) by SM U-35. Her crew survived.

    The Russian cargo ship Svorono was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 14 nautical miles (26 km) west of the Blasket Islands, County Kerry by Sm U-30.

    SM U37 struck a mine and sank in the English Channel(51°04N' 1°48' W)

    Political, etc.

    The Hobart Mercury reported that on 29 April at Melbourne the Prime Minister, Andrew Fisher, had issued the following statement about the Gallipoli landings:-

    Some days ago the Australian War Expeditionary Forces were transferred from Egypt To the Dardanelles. They have since landed.

    German warning in U.S. newspapers re: sailing in "Lusitania".

    Rob.
    "Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death."

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